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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="4">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">在线阅读linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr>        <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">ARM</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0464/latest" target="_blank">Cortex-A7 MPCore Technical Reference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">Cortex-A7 MPCore技术参考手册</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0406/cd/?lang=en" target="_blank">ARM Architecture Reference Manual ARMv7-A and ARMv7-R edition</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM架构参考手册ARMv7-A和ARMv7-R版</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ihi0069/h/?lang=en" target="_blank">Arm Generic Interrupt Controller Architecture Specification- version 3 and version 4</a></td>        <td align="left">Arm通用中断控制器架构规范-版本3和版本4</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ihi0048/bb/?lang=en" target="_blank">ARM Generic Interrupt Controller Architecture Specification - Version 2.0</a></td>        <td align="left">Arm通用中断控制器架构规范-版本2.0</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0013/d/?lang=en" target="_blank">ARM Cortex-A Series Programmer's Guide for ARMv7-A</a></td>        <td align="left">Cortex-A系列ARMv7-A编程指南</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、段的概念"><a href="#一、段的概念" class="headerlink" title="一、段的概念"></a><font size=3>一、段的概念</font></h1><h2 id="1-基本概念"><a href="#1-基本概念" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本概念"></a><font size=3>1. 基本概念</font></h2><p>段是程序的组成元素。将整个程序分成一个一个段，并且给每个段起一个名字，然后在链接时就可以用这个名字来指示这些段，使得这些段排布在合适的位置。程序的段包括以下几部分：</p>
<p>（1）代码段(.text)：存放代码指令</p>
<p>（2）只读数据段(.rodata)：存放有初始值并且 const 修饰的全局类变量（全局变量或 static 修饰的局部变量）</p>
<p>（3）数据段(.data)：存放有初始值的全局类变量</p>
<p>（4）零初始化段(.bss)：存放没有初始值或初始值为 0 的全局类变量</p>
<p>（5）注释段(.comment)：存放注释  </p>
<p>需要注意的是：bss 段和注释段不保存在 bin或者elf 文件中。注释段里面的机器码是用来表示文字的。</p>
<h2 id="2-在代码中的体现"><a href="#2-在代码中的体现" class="headerlink" title="2. 在代码中的体现"></a><font size=3>2. 在代码中的体现</font></h2><p>这里用到之前的工程代码，具体修改了哪些内容可以看这里：。</p>
<ul>
<li>（1）在主函数 main.c 文件中创建不同属性的全局变量</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">char</span> g_charA = <span class="string">&#x27;A&#x27;</span>;			<span class="comment">// 存储在 .data段</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span> g_charB = <span class="string">&#x27;B&#x27;</span>;	<span class="comment">// 存储在 .rodata段</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span> g_charC;			<span class="comment">// 存储在 .bss段</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> g_intA = <span class="number">0</span>;				<span class="comment">// 存储在 .bss段</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> g_intB;					<span class="comment">// 存储在 .bss段</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（2）创建链接脚本  imx6ull.lds</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    . = 0x80100000;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(4);</span><br><span class="line">    .text      :</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      *(.text)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(4);</span><br><span class="line">    .rodata : &#123; *(.rodata) &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(4);</span><br><span class="line">    .data 0x80200000 : &#123; *(.data) &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(4);</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_start = .;</span><br><span class="line">    .bss : &#123; *(.bss) *(.COMMON) &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_end = .;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（3）在 Makefile 文件中指明使用链接脚本 imx6ull.lds 控制链接过程</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 使用链接脚本链接</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(LD)</span> -T imx6ull.lds -g start.o uart.o main.o my_printf.o -o relocate.elf -lgcc -L/home/hk/2software/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<ul>
<li>（4）然后我们编译程序，会得到一个dis文件，我们打开这个文件会发现以下内容：</li>
</ul>
<p>在反汇编文件中程序的地址从 0x80100000 开始  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20240118225232225.png" alt="image-20240118225232225" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>整个程序被分为不同的段，每个段以 Disassembly of section 作为开始</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20240118225506206.png" alt="image-20240118225506206" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>段落之间的地址是连续的，并且从低地址到高地址，段依次为：代码段、只读数据段、数据段、 bss 段、注释段（注意 bss 段和注释段不包含在elf&#x2F;bin 文件中。那我们定义的几个变量都在哪？这个就进去搜一搜吧。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20240118225929924.png" alt="image-20240118225929924" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h1 id="二、链接脚本"><a href="#二、链接脚本" class="headerlink" title="二、链接脚本"></a><font size=3>二、链接脚本</font></h1><p>链接脚本控制程序的链接过程，它规定如何把输入文件内的段放入输出文件, 并控制输出文件内的各部分在程序地址空间内的布局。  </p>
<h2 id="1-刚才的链接脚本？"><a href="#1-刚才的链接脚本？" class="headerlink" title="1. 刚才的链接脚本？"></a><font size=3>1. 刚才的链接脚本？</font></h2><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    . = <span class="number">0x80100000</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .text :</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        *(.text)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .rodata : &#123; *(.rodata) &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .data : &#123; *(.data) &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_start = .;</span><br><span class="line">    .bss : &#123; *(.bss) *(.COMMON) &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_end = .;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这就是刚才的链接脚本，具体使用的时候我们需要再编译的过程中使用<code>-T filename.lds</code> 指定，否则在编译时将使用默认的链接脚本（默认的链接脚本无法进行一些段的复杂操作）：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20240118230103293.png" alt="image-20240118230103293" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>需要注意，对于结构较为简单的程序，也可以使用默认的链接脚本，并手动指定不同段在输出文件中的位置，例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">将所有程序的.text段放在一起,起始地址设置为0x80100000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">将所有程序的.data段放在一起,起始地址设置为0x80102000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">$(LD) -Ttext 0x80100000 -Tdata 0x80102000 -g start.o uart.o main.o my_printf.o -o relocate.elf -lgcc -L/home/hk/2software/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.4</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-链接脚本语法"><a href="#2-链接脚本语法" class="headerlink" title="2. 链接脚本语法"></a><font size=3>2. 链接脚本语法</font></h2><p>相关的语法，我们其实可以看GNU的官方文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ftp.gnu.org/old-gnu/Manuals/ld-2.9.1/html_mono/ld.html">Using LD, the GNU linker</a></p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line">secname start <span class="title function_">BLOCK</span><span class="params">(align)</span> <span class="params">(NOLOAD)</span> : <span class="title function_">AT</span> <span class="params">( ldadr )</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123; contents &#125; &gt;region :phdr =fill</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>secname：段的名称  </li>
<li>start：段的运行地址（ runtime addr），也称为重定位地址（ relocation addr）  </li>
<li>AT ( ldadr )： ldadr 是段的加载地址（ load addr）； AT 是链接脚本函数，用于将该段的加载地址设定为 ldadr；如果不添加这个选项，默认的加载地址等于运行地址。  </li>
<li>其他的链接脚本函数我们之后用到了再学习，想进一步了解可以参考上面的官方文档。</li>
<li>{ contents }： { } 用来表示段的起始结束； content 为该段包含的内容，可以由用户自己指定。  </li>
<li>BLOCK(align) (NOLOAD)， &gt;region :phdr &#x3D;fill：很少用到，可以不做深入学习。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-解析链接脚本"><a href="#3-解析链接脚本" class="headerlink" title="3. 解析链接脚本"></a><font size=3>3. 解析链接脚本</font></h2><p>我们来分析一下上边用测试的链接脚本：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	. = <span class="number">0x80100000</span>; <span class="comment">//设定链接地址为 0x80100000</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);   <span class="comment">//将当前地址以 4 字节为标准对齐</span></span><br><span class="line">	.text :         <span class="comment">//创建段，其名称为 .text</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123; 			    <span class="comment">//.text 包含的内容为所有链接文件的数据段</span></span><br><span class="line">		*(.text)    <span class="comment">// *：表示所有文件</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);   <span class="comment">//将当前地址以 4 字节为标准对齐</span></span><br><span class="line">	.rodata : &#123; *(.rodata) &#125; <span class="comment">//.rodata 存放在.text 之后,包含所有链接文件的只读数据段</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	.data : &#123; *(.data) &#125;    <span class="comment">//.data 存放在.rodata 之后，包含所有链接文件的只读数据段</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	__bss_start = .;        <span class="comment">//将当前地址的值存储为变量__bss_start</span></span><br><span class="line">	.bss : &#123; *(.bss) *(.COMMON) &#125; <span class="comment">//.bss 存放在.data 段之后, 包含所有文件的 bss段和注释段</span></span><br><span class="line">	__bss_end = .;          <span class="comment">//将当前地址的值存储为变量__bss_end</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>根据上述链接脚本的配置， .bin 文件中的数据结构如下图所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230915222306966.png" alt="image-20230915222306966" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>上面我们写的链接脚本称为<strong>一体式链接脚本</strong>，与之相对的是分体式链接脚本，区别在于代码段(.text)和数据段(.data)的存放位置是否是分开的。例如现在的一体式链接脚本的代码段后面依次就是只读数据段、数据段、bss 段，都是连续在一起的。 分体式链接脚本则是代码段、只读数据段，中间间隔很远之后才是数据段、 bss 段。分体式链接脚本实例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	. = <span class="number">0x80100000</span>; <span class="comment">//设置链接地址为 0x80100000，这也是.text 段的起始地址</span></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	.text :</span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		*(.text)</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	.rodata : &#123; *(.rodata) &#125; <span class="comment">//假设 rodata 段的结束地址为 0x8010xxxx</span></span><br><span class="line">	. = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	.data <span class="number">0x80800000</span> : &#123; *(.data) &#125; <span class="comment">//指定 data 段的起始地址为 0x80200000,和 rodata 段之间有较大间隔</span></span><br><span class="line">	……（省略）</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>之后的代码更多的采用一体式链接脚本，原因如下：  </p>
<p>（1）分体式链接脚本适合单片机，因为单片机自带有 flash，不需要将代码复制到内存占用空间。而我们的嵌入式系统内存非常大，没必要节省这点空间，并且有些嵌入式系统没有可以直接运行代码的 Flash，就需要从存储设备如 Nand Flash 或者 SD 卡复制整个代码到内存；</p>
<p>（2）JTAG 等调试器一般只支持一体式链接脚本；</p>
<h2 id="4-清除bss段"><a href="#4-清除bss段" class="headerlink" title="4. 清除bss段"></a><font size=3>4. 清除bss段</font></h2><p>之前提到过 bin 文件中并不会保存 bss 段的值，因为这些值都是 0，保存这些值没有意义并会使得 bin 文件臃肿。当程序运行涉及到 bss 段上的数据时， CPU 会从 bss 段对应的内存地址去读取对应的值，为了确保从这段内存地址上读取到的 bss 段数值为 0，在程序运行前需要将这一段内存地址上的数据清零，即清除 bss 段。  </p>
<h3 id="4-1-start-S"><a href="#4-1-start-S" class="headerlink" title="4.1 start.S"></a><font size=3>4.1 start.S</font></h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.text</span><br><span class="line">.global  _start</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">_start: </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	/* 设置栈 */</span><br><span class="line">	ldr  sp,=0x80200000</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	/* 清除bss段 */</span><br><span class="line">	bl clean_bss</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	/* 跳转到主函数 */</span><br><span class="line">	bl main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">halt:</span><br><span class="line">	b  halt </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">clean_bss:</span><br><span class="line">	ldr r1, =__bss_start	//将链接脚本变量__bss_start变量保存于r1</span><br><span class="line">	ldr r2, =__bss_end		//将链接脚本变量__bss_end变量保存于r2</span><br><span class="line">	mov r3, #0</span><br><span class="line">clean:</span><br><span class="line">	strb r3, [r1]			//将当前地址下的数据清零</span><br><span class="line">	add r1, r1, #1			//将r1内存储的地址+1</span><br><span class="line">	cmp r1, r2				//相等：清零操作结束；否则继续执行clean函数清零bss段</span><br><span class="line">	bne clean</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	mov pc, lr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-2-imx6ull-lds"><a href="#4-2-imx6ull-lds" class="headerlink" title="4.2 imx6ull.lds"></a><font size=3>4.2 imx6ull.lds</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SECTIONS &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    . = <span class="number">0x80100000</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .text :</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      *(.text)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .rodata : &#123; *(.rodata) &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    .data : &#123; *(.data) &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    . = ALIGN(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_start = .;</span><br><span class="line">    .bss : &#123; *(.bss) *(.COMMON) &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    __bss_end = .;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-3-main-c"><a href="#4-3-main-c" class="headerlink" title="4.3 main.c"></a><font size=3>4.3 main.c</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> argc, <span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span> * argv[])</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Uart_Init();	<span class="comment">//初始化uart串口</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;g_intA = 0x%08x &amp;g_intA = 0x%x\n\r&quot;</span>, g_intA, &amp;g_intA);	<span class="comment">//打印g_intA的值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;g_intB = 0x%08x &amp;g_intB = 0x%x\n\r&quot;</span>, g_intB, &amp;g_intB);	<span class="comment">//打印g_intB的值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>编译过后，烧写到板子执行，保存在 bss 段中的变量 g_intA, g_intB 的值都为 0，表明清除 bss 段成功（但是吧，我没清的话）。  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV04-%E8%A3%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV04-06-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D-01-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20240119005355872.png" alt="image-20240119005355872" style="zoom:50%;" />


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